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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant drugs are the first line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of a high response, good tolerance, and safety throughout the life span. It is important to determine the appropriate dosage and medication that alleviates your or your child's symptoms without causing any adverse side effects. It usually takes many trials and error, as well as open dialog with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are medications that increase the activity of the central nervous system. They are frequently used for enhancement of cognitive and performance by athletes, students as well as artists and workers. They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, as well as other anxiety disorders. The most popular stimulant drugs are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. Immediate-release medications are usually taken every four hours, as required. When they stop working they can trigger a sudden and short-term loss of energy. The crash can trigger extreme hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in certain people. This is especially the case when they don't consume enough food. Extended-release medicines are designed to release active ingredients over a time of between 8 and 16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this kind of medication if you want long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill several times a day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Daytrana is a methylphenidate with a long-acting product that sticks to your skin like a bandage, and lasts throughout the day. This type of medication is often prescribed to adults with ADHD who require daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release alternatives. The use of stimulants does not cure ADHD however it can help manage the symptoms by enhancing how neurons in the brain communicate. add medication adults do this by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters within the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine. This is done by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows the release of more neurotransmitters which aids in the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. Doctors often prescribe antidepressants addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of the antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of norepinephrine serotonin, and dopamine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibiters are a great option for people with depression or anxiety. These medications are typically paired with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Your doctor may also switch between stimulant and a non-stimulant medication if your current medication isn't working or has an unacceptably adverse effects. Main Page -acting About 70 to 70% to with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They can reduce symptoms like fidgeting, talking over others, and losing focus in conversations or on tasks. They also enhance the performance of your job and improve your social skills. Stimulant medications begin to work when they cross the blood-brain barrier which takes about 45 to 60 minutes. They boost the levels of dopamine and Norepinephrine between brain cells which reduces the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medication consists of one of two molecules, methylphenidate, (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). These stimulants can cause adverse effects including upset stomach, loss of appetite, increased heart rate and blood pressure headaches, as well as nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics more severe and can cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) can be used throughout the night and day, unlike short-acting medications which last only several hours. They can also be employed to treat other conditions like anxiety or depression. These medications work by changing how your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine inside the brain and other neurotransmitters. When these chemicals aren't broken down and remain in your body longer, which affects your thinking and behavior. Long-acting drugs can have less negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe smaller doses of the drugs that you consume throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release form that you can take every day. Adults may prefer this option however, you must remember to take your stimulants each day. SSRIs and other medicines have proven to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. SSRIs are typically prescribed to treat anxiety or depression but they can also be prescribed for ADHD. About 70% of people react to these medications. Bupropion, also referred to as Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These SSRIs can cause serious side effects such as ringing in the ears, anxiety, and changes to vision as well as lung and heart function in some individuals. Short-acting Stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine within the brain. These two chemicals aid people to manage their behavior and improve their focus. These drugs come in many different forms and each comes with its own distinct brand, like Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two major kinds of stimulant drugs amphetamines, methylphenidates, and methylphenidates. They all have similar effects, but their duration of action is different. The methylphenidates have a shorter-lasting effect lasting as long as three hours. Amphetamines, on the other are more effective. Some people are better able to tolerate long-acting stimulant medications than those with short-acting stimulants which is why your doctor may prescribe this type of medication. It is essential to be aware of as much as you can about the medication. This includes any side effects, how frequently it should be taken, and any warnings. This will help you and your doctor to decide on the right medication for you. These medications can also trigger some adverse side effects like insomnia or loss in appetite. Talk to your doctor if you experience these side effects. You may need to adjust the dosage or try another drug. Adults suffering from ADHD who don't respond well to stimulants are treated with non-stimulant drugs. These medications take longer to effect but can improve the ability to focus and control impulses. These medications can be prescribed as a stand-alone or together with stimulants. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) It works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the way we behave. Another is guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) is a member to a class of drugs called alpha agonists. They block the reuptake of these brain chemicals and increasing their levels in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed for high blood pressure, but has also been shown to help those suffering from ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD use a variety of drug combinations. These include stimulants with depressant-type drugs such as Guanfacine and Clonidine. These drugs may have a calming affect on the brain and help reduce symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They can also reduce withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. This combination could be dangerous however, when it is not utilized properly. Combining two stimulants at simultaneously increases the risk of developing serotonin-related syndrome, a type of drug emergency that happens when the body is overloaded with excessive serotonin. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. Heart disease sufferers or those with high blood pressure are at a greater risk of developing adverse effects from this drug. Young adults and teenagers are increasingly taking stimulant-based combinations. These substances are often described as “legal highs” and are readily available at pharmacies. These drugs are also available on the black market. These substances are extremely dangerous particularly when they are combined with alcohol or other drugs. The use of polydrugs can be hazardous. Mixing drugs can cause unpredictable and harmful effects, such as increased heart rate, slow breathing, paranoia, hallucinations, seizures and addiction. A study found that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD. Combining medication increased the adherence of patients and helped them get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. Some patients, however were unable to continue treatment due side effects. In some cases it is possible that the medication has been stopped due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be the result of a poor diagnosis or lack of access to medications. Nonstimulants are a different treatment option for ADHD. These medications help improve attention span and impulse regulation however they are not as effective as stimulants. They are also less likely to block growth and affect appetite. Some antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD however, they have a lower chance of enhancing concentration and focus. In several studies, the atomoxetine (Concerta) in combination with methylphenidate produced better results than any drug on its alone. Combining these two medications was found to improve adherence and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was beneficial for young adults and adolescents. This combination could be a feasible option for children with severe ADHD.